El etiquetado nutricional: su expresión en el contexto mexicano / Nutritional labeling: its expression in the Mexican context

Introduction: Food is a process that carries implicit socio-cultural elements in a specific historical moment. The changes in the diet caused an increase in problems of obesity and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Mexico. Measures have been taken through public policies that seek to reduce the effects of the consumption of foods with high energy value, one of them is the nutritional labeling of foods. Development: As the first axis, a sociohistorical reconstruction is developed around food labeling in Mexico as an initiative that is part of an international public policy to present nutritional information for the selection and consumption of food. In a second moment, an analysis is carried out from a critical position on the implementation and exercise of decision-making for the consumption of said products, since it is subject to a complex network of sociocultural and individual factors that determine and are determinants of styles. and frequency of consumption of the products. Conclusions: The new labeling with nutritional information is an information tool for the selection in food consumption to face the problem of overweight and obesity in Mexico. However, eating habits and practices respond to sociocultural and economic elements that are above healthy lifestyles and a culture of prevention. It is necessary to build and promote community participation-action that promotes tools such as nutritional labeling to make its objectives effective.

Introducción: la alimentación es un proceso que implica elementos socioculturales en un momento histórico concreto. México se encuentra en un problema de salud generalizado de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Ante esto se han tomado medidas mediante políticas públicas que buscan disminuir los efectos del consumo de alimentos de alto valor energético, una de ellas es el etiquetado nutricional de los alimentos. Desarrollo: como primer eje se desarrolla una reconstrucción sociohistórica en torno al etiquetado de alimentos en México como iniciativa que forma parte de una política pública internacional para presentar información nutricional para la selección y consumo de los alimentos. En un segundo momento se realiza un análisis desde un posicionamiento crítico sobre la implementación y el ejercicio de las tomas de decisión del consumo de dichos productos, ya que está sujeta a una compleja red de factores socioculturales e individuales que determinan y son determinantes de los estilos y frecuencia de consumo de los productos. Conclusiones: el nuevo etiquetado con información nutricional es una herramienta de información para la selección en el consumo de alimentos para enfrentar el problema de sobrepeso y obesidad en México. Sin embargo, los hábitos y prácticas de alimentación responden a elementos socioculturales y económicos que están por arriba de los estilos de vida saludable y una cultura de prevención. Es necesario construir y promover una participación-acción comunitaria que potencie las herramientas como el etiquetado nutricional para hacer efectivos sus objetivos.

Etiquetado frontal de advertencia nutricional de alimentos y bebidas pre-envasados. Postura intersectorial de expertos en Centro América y República Dominicana / Front-of-package warning labelling system for pre-packaged foods and beverages: an intersectoral position of expertsin Central American and Dominican Republic

La región latinoamericana ha sido pionera en la implementación del etiquetado frontal de advertencia nutricional (EFAN), mismo que ha demostrado su eficacia y efectividad para identificar correctamente cuando un producto contiene cantidades excesivas de nutrientes asociados a Enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT). Sin embargo, ningún país del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA); que incluye a Belice, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá y República Dominicana, lo ha adoptado. Por esta razón, el Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, convocó a un grupo de expertos de la academia y la sociedad civil con el objetivo de establecer una postura técnica, basada en la mejor evidencia científica, en relación al etiquetado frontal para los nutrientes críticos de alimentos y bebidas pre- envasados en la región centroamericana. Se presenta evidencia específica de la región del SICA que demuestran la superioridad del EFAN frente a otros etiquetados como las Guías Diarias de Alimentación (GDA), el semáforo y el Nutriscore para seleccionar opciones más saludables. Dentro del marco de los derechos de la niñez y de los consumidores, se brindan argumentos y se hace un llamado a los gobiernos para la pronta adopción del EFAN como una política costo-efectiva para la prevención de ENT. Además, se proveen recomendaciones para su monitoreo y evaluación, así como recomendaciones de otras políticas costo-efectivas como la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos no saludables dirigido a la niñez y adolescencia, entre otros, para la prevención de las ENT y la creación de ambientes y sistemas alimentarios más saludables y sostenibles(AU)

The Latin American region has been a pioneer in the implementation of a front- of-pack warning labeling system (FOPWL), which has demonstrated its efficacy and effectiveness in correctly identifying when a product contains excessive amounts of nutrients associated with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). However, countries of the Central American Integration System (SICA); which includes Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and the Dominican Republic, have no adopted it. For this reason, the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama convened a group of experts from academia and civil society with the aim of establishing an evidence-based technical position, in relation to front-of-pack labelling for critical nutrients of pre-packaged foods and beverages in the Central American region. Specific evidence from the SICA region demonstrating the superiority of FOPWL over other labels such as the Guideline Daily Amount (GDA), the traffic light and Nutriscore to select healthier choices is presented. Within the framework of children's and consumer rights, arguments are provided, and a call is made to governments for the prompt adoption of FOPWL as a cost-effective policy for the prevention of NCDs. In addition, recommendations for its monitoring and evaluation are provided, as well as recommendations for other cost-effective policies such as the regulation of unhealthy food advertising aimed at children and adolescents, among others, for the prevention of NCDs and the creation ofhealthier and more sustainable environments and food systems(AU)

Effects of nutritional profile system and front labeling in food selection during purchases: a systematic review / Efecto de los sistemas de perfilado nutricional y etiquetado frontal en la selección de alimentos durante la compra: una revisión sistemática

Introduction. Nutritional profiling systems (NPS) are mainly used in front-end labeling policies in order to make the purchase and consumption choice conscious and healthy. Objetive. This study systematically reviewed evidence from interventions on the effect of NPS in the front-of- package on food purchases. Materials and methods. A bibliographic search was carried out in electronic sources from Medline, Elsevier, Scielo and Lilacs, of experimental studies and intervention between 2012 and 2022. A total of 14 articles were included in the review. They were analyzed according to the intervention modality used: 4 studies analyzed the effect of NPS in a real purchase situation and 10 evaluated purchase perception/intention. Results. According to the modality of intervention, the 6 studies that analyzed the NPS-warning system, all recorded healthier purchases compared to the control groups. While for the NPS-NutriScore, Health Star Rating and Multiple Traffic Lights were effective in the decision to purchase healthier foods, in 5 of 7 studies for the first NPS, in 4 of 7 for the second and in 4 of 8 for the third, compared with control groups. Conclusions. Findings of this study suggest that NPSs may be effective for healthy purchase choices, even so it is necessary to strengthen the system and policies with nutritional food education campaigns(AU)

Introducción. Los sistemas de perfilado nutricional (SPN) son utilizados principalmente en políticas de etiquetado frontal con la finalidad de que la elección de compra y consumo sea consciente y saludable. Objetivo. Este estudio revisó sistemáticamente la evidencia de las intervenciones sobre el efecto de SPN en el frente del paquete en las compras de alimentos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en fuentes electrónicas de Medline, Elsevier, Scielo y Lilacs, de estudios experimentales e intervenciones entre 2012 y 2022. Se incluyeron un total de 14 artículos en la revisión. Fueron analizados según la modalidad de intervención utilizada: 4 estudios analizaron el efecto de los SPN en una situación de compra real y 10 evaluaron percepción/intención de compra. Resultados. Según la modalidad de intervención, los 6 estudios que analizaron el SPN-sistema de advertencia, todos registraron compras más saludables en comparación con grupo controles. Mientras que para los SPN-NutriScore, Estrellas de Salud y Semáforo Tricolor Múltiple fueron efectivas en la decisión de compra de alimentos más saludables, en 5 de 7 estudios para el primer SPN, en 4 de 7 para el segundo y en 4 de 8 para el tercero, comparados con grupo controles. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que los SPN pueden ser efectivos para elecciones de compras saludables, aun así, es necesario reforzar el sistema y las políticas con campañas de educación alimentaria nutricional(AU)

O consumo de substitutos de origem vegetal é nutricionalmente mais vantajoso que os produtos cárneos? / Is the consumption of plant origin substitutes nutritionally more advantageous than meat products?

A busca por um padrão alimentar mais saudável, bem como fatores éticos e de sustentabilidade relacionados ao consumo de carne, vem fazendo com que a cada dia mais pessoas se tornem adeptas a dietas à base de plantas. Concomitantemente, com o aumento de adeptos a essas dietas, vem crescendo nos países ocidentais a oferta de alimentos industrializados de base vegetal, que tem como objetivo substituir os produtos cárneos. O presente estudo comparou os rótulos de produtos de origem animal (POA) e seus análogos de origem vegetais (POV) comercializados nas principais redes de supermercados da grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, e avaliou a contribuição nutricional deles ao consumidor. Foram avaliadas 80 embalagens de produtos, sendo 42 de POA e 38 POV. POV, quando comparados aos POA, não apresentaram diferenças (p > 0,05) quanto ao valor calórico, proteínas, gordura total, gordura saturada e sódio. Se sobressaindo apenas no maior teor de carboidratos e fibras e em não possuir gorduras trans em sua composição. Assim, conclui-se que, os POV possuem equivalência em alguns dos constituintes nutricionais analisados. Por isso, se não há restrições para o consumidor, seja por questões de saúde, cultura ou hábito, a substituição de POA por POV não se faz nutricionalmente tão superior. (AU)

The growing interest in healthier eating patterns, coupled with ethical and sustainability concerns about meat consumption, has led to a rise in the adoption of plant-based diets. In response to this trend, Western countries have witnessed a surge in the availability of plant-based processed foods aiming to replicate meat products. This study examines the labels of commercially available meat products (MPs) and their plant-based alternative (PbAs) found in major supermarket chains in greater Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. It further evaluates their nutritional content and potential impact on consumer choice contribution to the consumer. Eighty product packages were assessed, comprising 42 MPs and 38 PbAs. Compared to MPs, PbAs showed no significant differences (p > 0,05) in caloric value, protein, total fat, saturated fat, or sodium. Notably, PbAs had higher carbohydrate and fiber content and no trans fats. Therefore, PbAs offer comparable levels of several analyzed nutrients. Consequently, in the absence of specific dietary restrictions (health, cultural, or habitual), substituting MPs with PbAs does not confer significant nutritional advantages. (AU)

ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE ALÉRGENOS Y FRASES DE ADVERTENCIA EN RÓTULOS DE ALIMENTOS ENTRE LOS AÑOS 2019 Y 2022 / DECLARATIOM OF ALLERGENS AND WARNING PHRASES ON FOOD LABELS. COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN 2019 AND 2022 YEARS

El etiquetado de alérgenos alimentarios en los productos es hoy uno de los temas que genera grandes preocupaciones en la población. Objetivo: evaluar cómo las distintas empresas se adecuaron a la legislación vigente sobre alérgenos en Argentina. Materiales y Métodos: en 2019 se relevaron 16 productos alimenticios dulces y salados que se codificaron como: ME, MN, TO, PA, GD, F, MLV, QM, BB, BT, TR, TM, PFK, BQK, CHB y CM. Para realizar la comparación de las declaraciones de alérgenos, a mediados de 2022 se volvieron a relevar los 16 productos, encontrándose tres de ellos discontinuados. El análisis del rótulo comprendió la verificación del cumplimiento de la declaración de alérgenos, uso de frases de advertencia (FA) y presentación de la información. Resultados y Discusión: en el 2019 en la declaración de alérgenos se incluyen expresiones como: "contiene gluten", en un 50% de los productos analizados. Por otro lado, en 5 de los 15 productos con FA, hay expresiones del tipo "puede contener trazas…". Asimismo, se incluye en 5 productos, al sésamo, alérgeno contemplado por legislaciones diferentes a la Argentina. Con respecto a la presencia de dióxido de azufre y sulfitos, hay dos productos que los declaran a continuación de la lista de ingredientes y otros dos productos que declaran a los sulfitos en sus frases de advertencia. Al analizar los rótulos en el 2022, el 80% de los productos analizados no presentan inconsistencias en lo que respecta a la presentación de la información. Conclusiones: en el estudio comparativo se observa una mejora en la correcta declaración de alérgenos y frases de advertencia. Sin embargo, después de más de cinco años de haber finalizado el plazo otorgado a las industrias para la adecuación de los rótulos, para una adecuada declaración de alérgenos, persisten algunos productos no conformes

The labeling of food allergens in products is today one of the issues that generates great concern in the population. Objective: was to evaluate how different companies adapted to current legislation on allergens in Argentina. Materials and methods: in 2019, sixteen sweet and salty food products were surveyed, coded as: ME, MN, TO, PA, GD, F, MLV, QM, BB, BT, TR, TM, PFK, BQK, CHB and CM. To compare the allergen declarations, in mid-2022 the sixteen products were surveyed again, finding three discontinued products. The analysis of the label included verification of compliance with the allergen declaration, use of warning phrases (FA), and presentation of information. Results and Discution: in 2019, the declaration of allergens includes expressions such as: "contains gluten", in 50% of the products analyzed. On the other hand, in five of the fifteen products with FA, there are expressions such as "may contain traces...". Likewise, it is included in five products, sesame, an allergen contemplated by legislations other than Argentina. Regarding the presence of sulfur dioxide and sulphites, there are two products that declare them below the list of ingredients and two other products that declare sulphites in their warning phrases. When analyzing the labels in 2022, 80% of the analyzed products do not present inconsistencies with regard to the presentation of the information.Conclusions: in the comparative study, an improvement is observed in the correct declaration of allergens and warning phrases.However, more than five years after the end of the period granted to the industries for the adaptation of the labels for an adequate declaration of allergens, some errors persist in them

LOGOS, SÍMBOLOS Y LEYENDAS PRESENTES EN LOS RÓTULOS DE ALIMENTOS ENVASADOS: UN ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DESDE LA LEGISLACIÓN VIGENTE EN ARGENTINA / LOGOS, SYMBOLS AND LEGENDS PRESENT ON PACKAGED FOOD LABELS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS FROM THE CURRENT LEGISLATION IN ARGENTINA

Introducción: recientemente, se ha evidenciado una tendencia hacia estilos de vida y hábitos alimentarios saludables y un incremento de productos orientados para tal fin. Entre ellos se incluyen alimentos para veganos/vegetarianos, "naturales", aquellos que destacan la ausencia de aditivos o ingredientes de tipo "alérgenos". Estos productos envasados suelen presentar leyendas y/o logos que los caracterizan. El objetivo fue realizar un relevamiento de logos, sellos, frases en los rótulos de alimentos comerciales y analizar la información encontrada según la legislación vigente en Argentina. Materiales y Métodos: se relevaron al azar 151 alimentos comerciales en supermercados, dietéticas y páginas web de empresas (agosto-octubre de 2022). Los productos relevados fueron: farináceos (PF), bebidas vegetales (BV), análogos de cárnicos (AC), análogos de quesos (AQ) y otros. Los atributos buscados fueron veganos/vegetarianos (VV), natural/artesanal (NA), ausencia de aditivos (AA), ausencia de lactosa (ALA), ausencia de alérgenos (AAE). Resultados: el atributo VV se observó en el 68% de los productos relevados y prevaleció en los AC, PF y BV. El atributo NA se observó en 23% de los alimentos, principalmente en AC y PF. Para AA, que se presentó en 75% de los alimentos, los PF se destacaron. Los atributos ALA y AAE aparecieron en el 17% de los alimentos. Las BV fueron la categoría que más presentó el atributo ALA. En ellas se observó una alta prevalencia de AA y ALA. En los AC, el atributo que se destacó fue VV (92%). Dentro de PF, la mayor prevalencia fue del atributo AA (96%), seguido por VV (57%). En el grupo AQ, prevaleció el atributo VV (89%). Conclusiones: se observó una alta presencia de atributos en los rótulos, que en su mayoría carecen de una normativa nacional vigente que los avale. Ello se contrapone a la demanda del mercado actual y a consumidores más exigentes

Introduction: recently, there has been a trend towards healthy lifestyles and eating habits; therefore, there is an increase in products oriented for this purpose. Among these products we can find foods for vegans/vegetarians, "natural" foods, those that emphasize the absence of additives or "allergenic" type ingredients. These packaged products usually have legends and/or logos that characterize them. The objective was to carry out a survey of logos, seals and phrases in labels of commercial foods and analyze the information found according to current legislation in Argentina. Materials and Methods: 151 commercial foods were randomly surveyed in supermarkets, dietetics and company websites (August-October 2022). The surveyed products were: farinaceous (FP), vegetable drinks (VD), meat analogues (MA). , cheese analogues (CA) and others. The attributes sought were vegan/vegetarian (VV), natural/artisanal (NA), absence of additives (AA), absence of lactose (ALA), absence of allergens (AAE). Results: the VV attribute was observed in 68% of surveyed products and prevailed in MA, FP and VD. The NA attribute was observed in 23% of the foods, mainly in MA and PF. For AA, which was present in 75% of the food products analyzed, the FPs stood out. In the case of ALA and AAE attributes, they appeared in 17% of the foods. VD was the category that presented the ALA attribute in the highest percentage. A high prevalence of AA and ALA was observed in them. In the MA, the attribute that stood out was VV (92%). Within FP, the highest prevalence was of the AA attribute (96%), followed by VV (57%). In the CA group, the VV attribute prevailed (89%). Conclusions: a large presence of attributes was observed in the labels, which mostly lack current national regulations that endorse them. This contrasts with the demands of the current market and with demanding consumers

Cumplimiento del etiquetado de fórmulas para lactantes según el Código Internacional de Comercialización de Sucedáneos de la Leche Materna / Compliance with the labeling of commercial milk formulas according to the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Código Internacional de Comercialización de Sucedáneos de la Leche Materna de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) contribuye a proteger y promover la lactancia humana, para evitar que la comercialización aliente la utilización de sucedáneos. El objetivo fue evaluar el cumplimiento de las disposiciones del Código de la OMS respecto del etiquetado de fórmulas de inicio, fórmulas especiales, fórmulas de seguimiento y leches de crecimiento en la ciudad de Buenos Aires durante julio, agosto y septiembre de 2019. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo, corte transversal y enfoque cualitativo en 93 etiquetas. Se aplicó la metodología propuesta por el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF), la International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) y el International Code Documentation Centre (ICDC) en el documento Herramienta Monitoreo del Código (2015). RESULTADOS: El 90,32% incumple al menos un requisito definido en el Art. 9 del Código de la OMS. El 88,17% de las etiquetas analizadas incumple por la presencia de textos e imágenes que desalientan la lactancia materna. DISCUSIÓN: Las etiquetas cumplen parcialmente los lineamientos del Código de la OMS según la herramienta de investigación utilizada. Por lo tanto, se sugiere garantizar la protección del derecho a la alimentación adecuada durante la primera infancia mediante el monitoreo, control y fiscalización del Código por parte de las autoridades sanitarias

Lectura, interpretación y uso del etiquetado nutricional en la decisión de compra de adultos de un barrio de Asunción / Reading, interpretation and use of nutritional labeling in adultsin a neighborhood of Asunción

Introducción.El etiquetado nutricional informa al consumidor acerca del tipo y contenido de nutrientes,favoreciendola selección apropiada según sus necesidades o condiciones de salud. Objetivo.Evaluar la lectura, interpretación y uso del etiquetado nutricional de alimentos en la decisión de compra de adultos del Barrio Villa Morra de Asunción consultados en junio de 2018. Materiales y métodos.Estudio descriptivo transversal, con aplicación de cuestionario estructurado mediante entrevista, con preguntas sobre datos sociodemográficos, frecuencia de lectura, motivos de la lectura o no, uso del etiquetado nutricional, contenidos revisados por el consumidor, interpretación de los términos porción y Porcentaje de Valor Diario (%VD) y acuerdo con la implementación del etiquetado frontal. Resultados.De 100 entrevistados, 73% refirió lectura (siempre y a veces) del etiquetado nutricional, 48% de estos lo emplea para la selección y compra de alimentos y 75 % desconoce o no interpreta los términos de porción y %VD. Los motivos asociados a la lectura fueron "preocupación por la salud de su familia" (36%), "estar a dieta" (33%), y "curiosidad" (23%); la no lectura fue "por falta de tiempo" (61,7%) y "porque no se visibiliza bien, es muy pequeño" (28%); al 91% le parece necesaria laimplementación del etiquetado frontal de alimentos como método de alerta. Conclusión.La lectura del etiquetado nutricional es frecuente, no así su correcta interpretación yuso,por lo que urge establecer campañas educativas dirigidas a la población yestrategias como el etiquetado frontal que faciliten y agilicen la lectura e interpretación. Palabras clave: enfermedades no transmisibles; alimentos; alimentos industriales; etiquetado nutricional.

Introduction.Nutritional labeling informs the consumer about the type and content of nutrients, favoring the appropriate selection according to their needs or health conditions. Objective.Evaluate the reading, interpretation and use of nutritional food labeling in the purchase decision of adults from the Villa Morra neighborhood of Asunción consulted in June 2018. Materials and methods.Cross-sectional descriptive study, with the application of a structured questionnaire through an interview, with questions about sociodemographic data, reading frequency, reasons for reading or not, use of nutritional labeling, content reviewed by the consumer, interpretation of the terms contribution and Percentage of Daily Value (%DV) and agreement with the implementation of front labeling. Results.Of 100 interviewees, 73% reported reading (always and sometimes) the nutritional labeling, 48% of theseuse it for the selection and purchase of food and 75% ofthe general population you do not know or do not interpret the terms of portion and %DV. The reasons associated with reading were "concern about the health of their family" (36%), "being on a diet" (33%), and "curiosity" (23%); not reading was referred tofor reasons such as "due to lack of time" (61.7%) and "because it is not well visible, it is very small" (28%); 91% think implementation ofthe front labeling of foodas an alert methodis necessary. Conclusion.The reading of nutritional labeling is frequent, but its correct interpretation and use is not, which is why it is urgent to establish educational campaigns aimed at the population and implement front labelingto facilitate and speed up reading and interpretation.Key words:non-communicable diseases; food; industrialized food; nutritional labeling.

Productos ultraprocesados en Argentina: evaluacion del modelo de perfil de nutrientes de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud / Ultra-processed products in Argentina: evaluation of the nutrients profile model of the Panamericanan Health Organization

Introducción: En Argentina, los problemas vinculados con el exceso de peso constituyen uno de los principales desafíos para la salud pública. Los antecedentes indican que el consumo de productos ultraprocesados contribuyen a esta tendencia por su alto contenido en azúcar, grasas totales, saturadas, trans y sodio. Este estudio analiza el perfil de nutrientes de la OPS en algunos productos ultraprocesados disponibles en el mercado argentino. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de campo, transversal, comparativo. Se evaluó el perfil de nutrientes (azúcares libres, grasas totales, grasas saturadas, grasas trans, sodio) y la densidad calórica. Las categorías fueron: galletitas dulces, alfajores, chocolates, golosinas, helados, cereales, bebidas, para untar, snacks salados y lácteos. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: La muestra se conformó por 682 productos y todos superaron el punto de corte de, al menos, un nutriente, el 94,4% presentó cantidad excesiva de azúcares libres, el 47,9% cantidad excesiva de grasas totales, el 59,2% cantidad excesiva de grasas saturadas, el 10,6% cantidad excesiva de grasas trans y el 9,1% cantidad excesiva de sodio. El promedio de la densidad calórica total fue 3,19. Los productos con cantidad excesiva de grasas totales, saturadas y trans presentaron una densidad calórica superior (p<0.05); sin embargo, la densidad calórica de los productos con cantidad excesiva de azúcares libres fue inferior (p=0.000), misma tendencia se encontró en el caso del sodio, pero esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: Todos los productos superaron el punto de corte de al menos un nutriente crítico y tener menor densidad calórica no garantizó su calidad nutricional. El perfil de nutrientes refleja de manera fidedigna la naturaleza de los productos ultraprocesados

Introduction: In Argentina, problems related to excess weight constitute one of the main challenges for public health. The background indicates that the consumption of ultra-processed products contributes to this trend due to their high sugar, total saturated, trans fat and sodium content. This study analyzes the PAHO nutrient profile in some ultra-processed products available in the Argentine market. Materials and methods: Field, cross-sectional, comparative study. Nutrient profile (free sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, sodium) and caloric density were evaluated. The categories were: sweet cookies, alfajores, chocolates, candies, ice creams, cereals, drinks, spreads, salty and dairy snacks. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results: The sample was made up of 682 products and all of them exceeded the cut-off point of at least one nutrient, 94.4% presented an excessive amount of free sugars, 47.9% an excessive amount of total fats, 59. 2% excessive amount of saturated fat, 10.6% excessive amount of trans fat and 9.1% excessive amount of sodium. The average of the total caloric density was 3.19. Products with an excessive amount of total, saturated and trans fats had a higher caloric density (p<0.05); however, the caloric density of the products with an excessive amount of free sugars was lower (p=0.000), the same trend was found in the case of sodium, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: All the products exceeded the cut-off point for at least one critical nutrient and having a lower caloric density did not guarantee their nutritional quality. The nutrient profile accurately reflects the nature of ultra-processed products

Análisis descriptivos a partir del rotulo nutricional: calcio y facilitadores de su absorción en bebidas vegetales procesadas / Descriptive analysis based on nutritional label: calcium and absorption facilitators in processed vegetable beverages

Introducción: El calcio es el mineral más abundante e importante en el organismo. Los factores dietéticos que aumentan la absorción del calcio son: vitamina D, lactosa, lípidos, aminoácidos y citratos. Dado los escasos estudios en relación con los componentes facilitadores de la absorción del calcio en bebidas vegetales procesadas elaboradas a partir de leguminosas, cereales, coco, y frutos secos se pretendió conocer la cantidad, el tipo de calcio y los componentes facilitadores de su absorción en estas bebidas. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo a partir de una muestra de 49 bebidas vegetales presentes en las 3 cadenas de supermercados en la ciudad de Montevideo. Se estudiaron las variables cantidad y tipo de calcio adicionado, cantidad y tipo de facilitadores (proteínas, lípidos, vitamina C y D), declarados en el rotulado nutricional y en la lista de ingredientes respectivamente. Se calculó media, desvío estándar, coeficiente de variación para analizar los datos, test de Student, ANOVA, ANOVA Post Hoc, y correlación de Pearson. Resultados: El 31% de las bebidas vegetales procesadas en estudio se adicionaron con calcio (valor promedio: 120 mg). Predomina en la muestra el carbonato de calcio adicionado. Los componentes facilitadores están presentes en todas las bebidas muestra, siendo las de soja las que presentaron los cuatro facilitadores. Se observó diferencia significativa en el contenido de vitamina D en bebidas vegetales con adición y sin adición de calcio. Existe correlación positiva para el contenido de lípidos y vitamina D. El aporte de calcio y vitamina D de las BV adicionadas con calcio en una porción (200ml) representa el 26 % y 20% de la ingesta diaria recomendada respectivamente. Conclusiones: Conocer la composición nutricional de las bebidas vegetales procesadas según el contenido mineral y facilitadores de la absorción es relevante para la recomendación de este tipo de alimentos

Introduction: Calcium is the most abundant and important mineral in the body. Dietary factors that increase calcium absorption are: vitamin D, lactose, lipids, amino acids, and citrates. In view of the scant studies on the components that facilitate calcium absorption in processed vegetable beverages made from legumes, cereals, coconut, and nuts, our intention was to determine the amount and type of calcium and of the components that facilitate its absorption in these beverages. Materials and methods: A quantitative and descriptive study was conducted from a sample of 49 vegetable drinks present in the three supermarket chains in Montevideo. The variables studied: amount and type of calcium added, and amount and type of facilitators (proteins, lipids, vitamin C and D), as declared in the nutritional labels and lists of ingredients, respectively. Mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation were calculated to analyze the data, Student test, ANOVA, ANOVA Post Hoc, and Pearson correlation. Results: 31% of the processed vegetable beverages studied had calcium added (average value: 120 mg). Added calcium carbonate predominates in the sample. Facilitating components are present in all the vegetable beverages in the sample, with soy drinks presenting all four facilitators. A significant difference in vitamin D content was observed in vegetable beverages with and without calcium addition. There is a positive correlation for lipid content and vitamin D. The contribution of calcium and vitamin D of the BV with added calcium in one portion (200ml) represents 26% and 20% of the recommended daily intake respectively. Conclusions: Knowing the mineral content and the absorption facilitators in the nutritional composition of processed vegetable drinks is relevant when recommending this type of food

Marketing communication strategies on labels of food products consumed by children / Estratégias de comunicação mercadológica em rótulos de alimentos consumidos por crianças

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Analyze marketing communication strategies (MCS) of labels of food products consumed by children under 5 years of age from the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in the city of Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: In total, 390 labels of ultra-processed foods and industrialized baby foods were analyzed. The products were organized by similarity into 24 groups. Photographs of labels from each group were analyzed to identify the MCS, which were categorized into "presence of characters and/or celebrities," "emotional appeal," "freebies offering," "health appeal," "sensory stimulation," "brand or slogan use," "promotional price," "advertisement under advertisement," and "sustainability appeal." The percentage frequency of labels according to the number of MCS per label; the total and average frequency of MCS according to the food group; the frequency of MCS type according to the food group; and communication resources by type of MCS were computed. RESULTS: 1 to 19 strategies were found per label and an average of 7.2 MCS per label, totaling 2,792 occurrences. The MCS "sensory stimulation," "health appeal," "brand or slogan use," and "advertisement under advertising" were observed in all food groups. "Freebies offering" and "promotional price" were observed in eight and six food groups, respectively. In food groups of bread; dairy products; and sweets, candies, and goodies, all nine types of MCS included in the study were identified. The groups that presented fewer types of MCS (n=5) were: peanuts, instant noodles, and margarines. Of the total MCS identified on the labels, the most frequent were "sensory stimulation" (29.4%) and "health appeal" (18.2%); and the least frequent were "freebies offering" (0.8%) and "promotional price" (0.4%). The "emotional appeal" strategy presented the highest diversity of communication resources. CONCLUSION: Rigorous regulatory measures are required to protect consumers from massive exposure to MCS on food labels.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar estratégias de comunicação mercadológica (ECM) presentes em rótulos de produtos efetivamente consumidos por crianças menores de 5 anos usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 390 rótulos de alimentos ultraprocessados e papas infantis industrializadas. Os produtos foram organizados por similaridade em 24 grupos. Realizou-se a análise das fotografias dos rótulos de cada grupo para a identificação das ECM, que foram categorizadas em: "presença de personagens e/ou celebridades", "apelo emocional", "oferta de brindes", "apelo à saúde", "estímulos aos sentidos", "uso da marca ou slogan", "preço promocional", "propaganda sob propaganda" e "apelo à sustentabilidade". Foram computadas: frequência percentual de rótulos segundo número de ECM por rótulo; frequência total e média de ECM segundo grupo de alimentos; frequência do tipo de ECM segundo grupo de alimentos; e recursos comunicacionais por tipo de ECM. RESULTADOS: Constataram-se de uma a 19 estratégias por rótulo e média de 7,2 ECM por rótulo, totalizando 2.792 ocorrências. As ECM "estímulo aos sentidos", "apelo à saúde", "uso da marca ou slogan" e "propaganda sob propaganda" foram observadas em todos os grupos de alimentos. Já "oferta de brindes" e "preço promocional" apareceram em oito e seis grupos de alimentos, respectivamente. Nos grupos pães, lácteos e doces, balas e guloseimas, foram identificados os nove tipos de ECM incluídos no estudo. Os grupos que apresentaram menos tipos de ECM (n = 5) foram: amendoins, macarrões instantâneos e margarinas. Do total de ECM identificadas nos rótulos, as mais recorrentes foram "estímulo aos sentidos" (29,4%) e "apelo à saúde" (18,2%); e as menos frequentes foram "oferta de brindes" (0,8%) e "preço promocional" (0,4%). A ECM "apelo emocional" apresentou a maior diversidade de recursos comunicacionais. CONCLUSÃO: São necessárias medidas regulatórias rigorosas que protejam o consumidor da massiva exposição às ECM em rótulos de alimentos.

Information on food additives on food labels in Brazil: a critical analysis / Informação sobre aditivos alimentares nos rótulos de alimentos no Brasil: análise crítica

ABSTRACT Questions about the safety of food additives and their consumption have been raised in recent years. The increased exposure to these substances, either by intake of ultra-processed foods or by the broad use and combination of various categories of additives, may be related to higher risks to consumer health. This article comments on the results of a study that quantified and characterized food additives found on the labels of 9,856 packaged foods and beverages available in Brazilian supermarkets. The study adopted a field diary method to record and analyze nonconformities in the lists of ingredients. The objective of this article is to discuss the use of additives identified on the labels and the limitations of Brazilian legislation, which should guarantee the right to information and health.

RESUMO Nos últimos tempos, questões vêm sendo levantadas sobre a segurança no uso de aditivos alimentares e em seu consumo. verificou-se que o aumento da exposição a essas substâncias, seja pela ingestão mais frequente de alimentos ultraprocessados ou pela ampla utilização e combinação de várias categorias de aditivos pela indústria, pode estar relacionado ao maior risco à saúde do consumidor. Um estudo quantificou e caracterizou aditivos alimentares encontrados nos rótulos de 9.856 alimentos e bebidas embalados disponíveis nos supermercados brasileiros. nele, foi adotado um diário de campo para registro de falhas e inconformidades nas informações presentes nas listas de ingredientes, sendo, por fim, analisadas qualitativamente e descritas de forma narrativa. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste comentário é apresentar e discutir o uso desses aditivos identificados nos rótulos e as limitações da legislação brasileira, que deveria garantir o direito à informação e a saúde da população.

Whole grain products in Brazil: the need for regulation to ensure nutritional benefits and prevent the misuse of marketing strategies

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the use of "whole grains" claims in food products marketed in Brazil and evaluate the nutrient profile of these products. METHODS Data from 775 grain-based packaged foods collected in Brazil from April to July 2017 were analyzed. Based on the INFORMAS protocol for food labeling, the prevalence of packaged foods with "whole grains" claims was estimated. Information on the list of ingredients was analyzed to evaluate the presence and amount of whole or refined grains in six food groups. The nutrient profiles of the products with and without "whole grains" claims were compared using the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) nutrient profile model. RESULTS The packages of about 19% of the evaluated products showed "whole grains" claims in their front panel. Of these, 35% lacked any whole grains among their top three ingredients. Breakfast cereals, granola bars, bread, cakes and other bakery products, cookies, and pasta had higher amounts of refined flour than whole grain ingredients in their compositions.We found 66% of products with "whole grains" claims were high in nutrients of concern according to PAHO's criteria. CONCLUSION Our results showed that over a third of the products in Brazil with "whole grains" claims lacked whole grains as one of their main ingredients. Most had a high content of nutrients associated with noncommunicable chronic disease risk factors, indicating the overestimation of their health benefits.

Promotion of ultra-processed foods in Brazil: combined use of claims and promotional features on packaging

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the availability of different promotional strategies applied for UPF sales in Brazilian food retailers. METHODS Information available on food packaging was gathered from all packaged products sold in the five largest food retail chains in Brazil in 2017. UPF were identified using the NOVA food classification system. From this sample, data related to promotional characteristics, nutrition claims and health claims were collected and coded using the INFORMAS methodology. Additional claims referring to the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines were also collected. RESULTS This study evaluated the packaging of 2,238 UPF, of which 59.8% presented at least one promotional strategy. Almost one third denoted a simultaneous use of different promotional strategies in the same packaging. Nutrition claims were the most commonly found promotional strategy, followed by health claims and the use of characters. The food subgroups comprising the highest prevalence of promotional strategies on their labels were: noncaloric sweeteners (100.0%), breakfast cereals and granola bars (96.2%), juices, nectars and fruit-flavoured drinks (92.9%), other unsweetened beverages (92.9%), and other sweetened beverages (92.6%). CONCLUSIONS Considering the poor nutritional quality of UPF, the widespread presence of promotional features on their packaging highlights the need for marketing restrictions on this kind of product.

Prevalence of and factors associated with nutrition facts panel use among young adults in the National Capital Region, Philippines

Objective@#This study identified the prevalence of Nutrition Facts Panel (NFP) use. It determined the factors associated with NFP use among young adults aged 19-30 years old in the National Capital Region (NCR).@*Methods@#This analytical cross-sectional study collected data using a developed survey questionnaire. It was pretested to 32 respondents and administered online among young adults aged 19 to 30 years old residing in NCR at the time of the study, with a target sample size of 384. Convenience sampling was used to gather study participants. Nominal, ordinal, and interval data were summarized as frequencies and proportions. Mean and standard deviation were computed for ratio and interval data. Multiple logistic regression was used to test for the association to NFP use, reported as odds ratios.@*Results@#Study findings showed that the prevalence of NFP use among the respondents was 50.49% (95% CI: 44.64 – 54.81%). The factors found to be associated to NFP use were: 1) being a primary household food shopper (p-value= 0.029; OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.05–2.63), 2) having a special diet (p-value= 0.001; OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.62–7.14), 3) using nutritional supplements (p-value= 0.041; OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.02–2.25), 4) preparing food at home (p-value= 0.019; OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.08–2.49), and 5) engaging in physical activity (p-value< 0.001; OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.37–3.06) regularly.@*Conclusion@#The findings show the need for improved nutrition education and promotion, especially in the NFP. The study recommended improvement in the study methodology and nutrition education programs. It suggested several research areas and topics to be explored.

Qualidade nutricional de biscoitos disponíveis à venda em supermercados / Nutritional quality of biscuits available for sale in supermarkets

Introdução: Biscoitos são produtos de panificação feitos com farinha, gordura, açúcar e outros ingredientes, e podem ser alimentos processados ou ultraprocessados. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade nutricional de biscoitos comercializados em supermercados brasileiros. Materiais e Métodos: Após a autorização dos responsáveis, dois supermercados participaram do estudo. Foram coletados os dados de informação nutricional e a lista de ingredientes dos biscoitos a partir dos rótulos dos produtos, através de fotos e anotações. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente através de estatística descritiva e análise de variância (ANOVA) com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultado: No total, foram incluídos 412 biscoitos diferentes, dos quais 73,5% eram doces e 26,5%, salgados. A média de ingredientes por produto foi de 14,80, e 84,7% dos biscoitos eram produzidos com 11 ou mais ingredientes; o número máximo de ingredientes encontrado foi de 29. A gordura vegetal foi encontrada em 79,6% dos produtos. Os biscoitos doces tiveram valores mais elevados de açúcares p<0,0001), gordura total (p=0,002) e gordura saturada (p<0,0001), e os biscoitos salgados tiveram valores mais altos de proteínas (p<0,0001), e sódio (p<0,0001). Quando comparados com biscoitos processados, os biscoitos ultraprocessados tiveram níveis mais elevados de carboidratos (p=0,001), açúcares (p<0,0001), gordura total (p<0,0001) e gordura saturada (p<0,0001). Conclusão: No presente estudo, biscoitos processados e salgados tiveram melhor qualidade nutricional que os biscoitos doces e ultraprocessados, e são considerados melhores opções para os consumidores em supermercados.

Introduction: Biscuits are small bakery products made with wheat flour, fat, sugar and other ingredients, and they can be processed or ultraprocessed food. This paper aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of biscuits sold in Brazilian supermarkets. Materials and methods: After authorization from the managers, two supermarkets participated in the study. The data collected from labels was the nutritional information and the list of ingredients of cookoies, through photos and notes. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significant level of p<0,05. Results: A total of 412 different products were included, which 73,5% are sweet and 26,5% are salty biscuits. About processing, 98,05% are ultraprocessed and only 1,95% processed. The average of ingredients was 14,80 and 84,7% of biscuits were produced with 11 or more ingredients; the maxim number of ingredients was 29. Vegetal fat was found in 79,6% of products. Sweet biscuits have higher values of sugar (p<0,0001), total fat (p=0,002) and saturated fat (p<0,0001), and salty biscuits were higher in proteins (p<0,0001) and sodium (p<0,0001). When compared with processed biscuits, the ultraprocessed ones were higher in carbohydrates (p=0,001), sugar (p<0,0001), total fat (p<0,0001) and saturated fat (p<0,0001). Conclusion: In this study, processed and salty biscuits had better nutritional quality than sweet and ultraprocessed ones, and are considered better choice options for consumers in supermarkets.

Idas y venidas del diseño de la política de alimentación saludable en el Perú: análisis comparativo de sus documentos regulatorios / The comings and goings of the design of the healthy eating policy in Peru: a comparative analysis of its regulatory documents

La venta de productos ultraprocesados y el sobrepeso y la obesidad han aumentado en América Latina en los últimos años. En el Perú, se aprobó la Ley N° 30021 en busca de reducir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes, sin embargo, el desarrollo de esta Ley se caracterizó por tener continuas modificaciones en los diversos documentos elaborados. El propósito de este artículo es identificar cambios esenciales en los documentos elaborados por el Gobierno y el Congreso en el marco de la Ley N° 30021, específicamente en los temas de regulación de la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas, advertencias publicitarias y parámetros técnicos de nutrientes críticos. Los cambios identificados en los diferentes documentos muestran el dinamismo en el desarrollo de esta política donde la falta de evidencia científica oportuna, la oposición de la industria alimentaria y la falta de consenso político fueron los principales motivos.

The sale of ultra-processed products has increased in Latin America in recent years, as well as the prevalence of overweight and obesity. In Peru, Law No. 30021 passed in an attempt to reduce overweight and obesity in children and adolescents; however, the development of this law was characterized by constant modifications to the documents prepared in this regard. This article aims to identify essential modifications in the documents elaborated by the Government and the Congress within the timeframe of Law No. 30021, particularly those regarding the regulation of food and non-alcoholic beverage advertising, advertising warnings and technical parameters of critical nutrients. The lack of timely scientific evidence, the opposition by the food industry and the lack of political consensus were the main reasons for the detected modifications, which shows the dynamism during the development of this policy.

Food Trade for Specific Health Use FOSHU through Patents in LATAM: Relevant Aspects in International Law / Comercio de Alimentos para Uso Específico de Salud FOSHU a través de Patentes en LATAM: Aspectos Relevantes en el Derecho Internacional

Introduction: This article addresses the legal regulations for Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) in the main trade associations of Latin America (LATAM), based on the Codex Alimentarius system. Objective: The objective is to determine regulatory progress in the trade of FOSHU products. Material and methods: This study includes a review of the literature emanating from the databases from 2018 to 2022, according to the framework of three general food marketing regulations: food safety claims; inspection regulations, and food manufacturing and labeling. Results: The results reveal the absence of a specific legislation for FOSHU foods, as these are only mentioned in the area of nutrition. Conclusions: The legal framework in the trade of these products is based on jus cogens. Registration of industrial patents in the main member countries of LATAM trade associations can be facilitated through the Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH)(AU)

Introducción: El artículo aborda las regulaciones jurídicas en Alimentos para Uso Específico de Salud "FOSHU" en las principales asociaciones comerciales de América Latina (LATAM), basados en el sistema Codex Alimentarius. Objetivo: Determinar el avance regulatorio en la comercialización de productos FOSHU. Materiales y métodos: Se revisa la literatura emanada de las bases de datos desde el año 2018 al 2022, según el marco de tres regulaciones generales de comercialización de alimentos: las declaraciones de seguridad alimentaria; las regulaciones de inspecciones, las de manufacturas de alimentos y etiquetado. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron la ausencia de una legislación específica para alimentos FOSHU, siendo solo mencionados en el área de la nutrición. Conclusiones: El revestimiento jurídico en la comercialización de estos productos; se cimienta en el ius cogens. Las inscripciones de patentes industriales en los principales países miembros de las asociaciones comerciales en LATAM pueden facilitarse por la vía del Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH)(AU)

Analysis of the prevalence in sugar consumption in child care consultations / Análise da prevalência do consumo de açúcar em consultas de puericultura

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the prevalence of sugar consumption and associated factors in childcare consultations. Methods: cross-sectional study with 599 children > six months to < 24 months of age, assisted by the Family Health Units. Outcomes: daily consumption of sweetened beverages, sweets/candies, recorded in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System; independent variables: sociodemographic data. Multiple logistic regression test was applied. Results: 62.10% of the children consume sugary drinks and 42.23%, sweets/candies. Consuming sugary drinks was associated with the age of 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.525; CI95%=1.68-3.78) and 18-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.90; CI95%=1.90-4.43); children living with more than four people at home (OR=1.59; CI95%=1.11-2.26), aged 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.05; CI95%=1.34-3.13) and 18-23 months and 29 days (OR=2.51; CI95%=1.62-3.87) were more likely to consume sweets/candies than younger children. Maternal aspects, such as age (OR=0.66; CI95%=0.46-0.93), marital status (OR=1.67; CI95%=1.06-2.6), schooling (OR=2.14; CI95%=1.12-4.08), and presence of government assistance (OR=2.03; CI95%=1.41-2.93), were conditions associated with the consumption of sweets. Conclusions: the prevalence of sugar in children's diet was high and was associated with sociodemographic aspects. Health education actions should be carried out in childcare, in order to promote healthy food, minimizing the consumption of sugar.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a prevalência do consumo de açúcar e fatores associados em consultas de puericultura. Métodos: estudo transversal com 599 crianças >seis a <24 meses de idade, assistidas por Unidades de Saúde da Família. Desfechos: consumo diário de bebidas adoçadas, doces/guloseimas, registrados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional; variáveis independentes: dados sociodemográficos. Aplicou-se teste de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: 62,10% das crianças consomem bebidas açucaradas e 42,23% doces/guloseimas. Consumir bebidas açucaradas associou-se à idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,525; IC95%=1,68-3,78) e 18-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,90; IC95%=1,90-4,43); crianças residirem com mais de quatro pessoas na casa (OR=1,59; IC95%:1,11-2,26), terem idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,05; IC95%=1,34-3,13) e 18-23 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,51; IC95%=1,62-3,87) apresentaram maior chance de consumir doces/guloseimas que crianças mais novas. Aspectos maternos como idade (OR=0,66; IC95%=0,46-0,93), estado civil (OR=1,67; IC95%=1,06-2,6), escolaridade (OR=2,14; IC95%=1,12-4,08), e presença de auxílio do governo (OR=2,03;IC95%=1,41-2,93), foram condições associadas ao consumo de doces/guloseimas. Conclusão: foi alta a prevalência de açúcar na dieta das crianças e esteve associada a aspectos sociodemográficos. Ações de educação em saúde devem ser realizadas na puericultura, a fim de fomentar a alimentação saudável, minimizando o consumo de açúcar.

Evolución del estado nutricional en adolescentes chilenos entre el 2010 y 2019: una revisión narrativa / Evolution of nutritional status in Chilean adolescents between 2010 and 2019: a narrative review

INTRODUCCIÓN: La adolescencia es una fase crítica del crecimiento con múltiples cambios fisiológicos. Dentro de sus factores determinantes se encuentran el estado nutricional. Adicionalmente, en el año 2016 se implementó la Ley de Etiquetado Nutricional con el objetivo de asegurar una oferta saludable de alimentos. Por lo tanto, se considera relevante conocer la evolución del estado nutricional relacionado a la implementación de esta nueva ley. OBJETIVO: Describir la evolución del estado nutricional de adolescentes chilenos,durante el 2010 y 2019. MÉTODOS: Revisión narrativa, que reúne los datos utilizando bases científicas como revistas, paper e informes de Scielo, Google Académico, Scopus, Pubmed e información del Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL), publicados entre los años 2010 hasta el 2019, en inglés o español. RESULTADOS: El estado nutricional normal en los adolescentes, muestra una disminución de un 10%. El porcentaje de adolescentes con malnutrición por exceso en el 2010 fue de 37.1% y en el año 2019 de 47.6%, aumentando un 10,5% en 10 años. CONCLUSIÓN: El estado nutricional de los adolescentes chilenos, entre los años 2010 y 2019, ha mostrado una evolución hacia la malnutrición por exceso, Esto podría traer consecuencias negativas en la salud y aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades asociadas a un estilo de vida poco saludable en la adultez.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a critical phase of growth with multiple physiological changes. Among its determining factors is the nutritional status. Additionally, in 2016 the Nutritional Labeling Law was implemented with the aim of ensuring a healthy food supply. Therefore, it is considered relevant to know the evolution of nutritional status related to the implementation of this new law. OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution of the nutritional status of Chilean adolescents between 2010 and 2019. METHODS: Narrative review, which gathers data usings cientific data bases such as journals, papers and reports from Scielo, Google Scholar, Scopus, Pubmed and information from the Ministry of Health (MINSAL), published between 2010 and 2019, in English or Spanish. RESULTS: The normal nutritional status in adolescents showed a decrease of 10%. The percentage of adolescents with excess malnutrition in 2010 was 37.1% and in 2019 47.6%, increasing by 10.5% in 10 years. CONCLUSION: The nutritional status of Chilean adolescents, between 2010 and 2019, has shown an evolution towards excess malnutrition. This could have negative consequences on health and increase the risk of diseases associated with an unhealthy lifestyle in adulthood.